essendon

last nite, essendon won over richmond by 8 points.it was at the MCG. but so far essendon won 5 games and lost 4.

that was sooo not me to report on sports. but it is ssooo me to report on footy ie: essendon. everybody knows why ^_^

hco3 reabsorption

okey, i've been reading the acid base regulation of kidney for a few times. i got it when i was readng it, but i cant really summarise them in my mind when i tried to. they just didnt flow well.

so i tot i'll try to write down what i knew about them.

here is i think one of the most important fact about hco3 reabsorption.
hco3 is impermeable at the membrane, so they cant cross the membrane by themselves.
sooo, they coombine with H+ to become h2co3 which then will dissociate to become water and co2.
co2 is the one who can cross the membrane into the tubular cells.
in the cells, co2 will combine with water.catalysed by carbonic anhydrase and become h2co3.
h2co3 will dissociate into H+ and hco3.
then only hco3 can get into the interstitial and then blood.
hco3 transport into the interstitial is coupled with cl-(exchange) and na+(cotransport).

so it's like for every h+ secreted into the tubule, one hco3 will appear in the cells.
for the h+ secretions, they r a bit different in the proximal tubule and distal tubules.

in proximal tubules, h+ is secreted by secondary active transport. coupled with na+ reabsorption. na+ moves down concentration gradient. so the energy released is used to take h+ out of the cells into the tubule.
but start from late distal tubules, h+ is secreted by primary active transport. in a specialised cells - intercalated cells. h+ is transported by hydrogen ATPase. that means the energy is from the breakdown of ATP.

okey, that's only the reabsorption part. that's the most handle-able ones.

p/s : yeeey..i've become a nerd as i wished for,bcos who else will post this stuff into their blog if for they arent nerdy2 ??

micturition

i guess i could use this blog wiser than i ever did( read as: other than bragging around about toknyang). i should try rephrase what i understood about what i just learned. isnt that a good idea?

okey.our bladder is lined with 2 layers. the outer is the detrusor muscle which is a smooth muscle. n the inner is epithelial layer. detrusor muscle is supplied by sensory mechanoreceptors that responds to stretch or tension. the motor supply is from parasympathetic motoneurones s2-s4. there's part where the detrusor muscle becomes internal sphincter.it opens when the muscle contracts. so when the bladder is full, the internal sphincter contracts n the urine flow out from the bladder. but at there's one more sphincter. external sphincter. which is striated muscle. it's always in a contraction state. nerve supply is pudendal nerve from s3 and s4. so for the urine to pass through, the neurone activities need to be inhibited so that external sphincter relaxes and opens the passage for urine. for us to be able to control micturition voluntarily, we need input from cortical micturition centre to inhibit the activity of pontine micturition centre.
incontinence can be caused by trauma/lesion to the frontal lobe.

there's a lot more in incontinence but i didnt bother to remember all. maybe i will one day.

so that's what i understood with micturition. i didnt refer to the notes while pouring out the stuff, so i need to recheck them. then only we could know whether we've grasp the topic or not. that's why we need to take the exams.lol~

xm

i moved on.i was in such a rage yesterday knowing that the xm is going to b postponed until after winter hol. that's a bad bad bad news.i've already planned my winter.(if lazying around is considered as a plan).i dont care anymore.it's all ruined.i moved on with a +ve mode.maybe it's time for me to really prepare for the xm. i'll still make my plan work, but maybe with a little bit of guilty deep inside. whatever it is,it's medicine.b prepared for more n more disastrous holiday.

i have a cold n congested nose.~

but i'm ssoooooo over the moon again.met his bro.dot.it's a great mood booster.

tasks for the xm

• buku kecik anat tuh
• grey's head & neck
• talley urinary system
• mnemonics
• guyton's renal

freaking

xm is in less than 1mth.13thjune.but havent really grasp urinary control of acid base yet.need to struggle more.less dramas.huhuhu.

awak comella

awak..comella awak lari dlm hujan td.

hihihi..it was raining quite heavily(in oz context), so i took a bus home from uni.before the bus moved from the bus loop, eh silap, kene ckp mlayu la.. takut kantoi..hahaha ..nampak toknyang berlari2 anak tgh hujan across the loop.btol2 blakng die adalah kwn cantik die... toknyang pakai baju hijau belang2 yg die slalu pakai tuh.. kwn cantik die kat blakang baju biru mude.. comel sgt diorg lari.dahla toknyang g skolah tak bwk beg ke buku ke ape2 pon...

my pretty boy

huhuhu..i just realised the lyrics..yep. i'm not that serious about my pretty boy.n he's not even mine. but m2m make it sounds sooo sweeet~

Pretty pretty boy of mine
Just tell me you love me too (tell me you love me too)
Oh my pretty pretty boy I need you
Oh my pretty pretty boy I do

one of the best day

i could say today is the one of the most fantastic day in the context of a medical student. started early. went to dandee hosp. was quite a good train ride bcoz we passed a few stations that're new to me. Megan was a great buddy. Showed us some interesting pathological signs that we've just heard about but never had the chance to really get the experience. Lung Crackles. Pleural Effusion. Atrial Fibrillation. Irregular Pulse. Fluid in the lung. Peripheral Oedema. Bronchial breath sound. 'sth' contracture. asbestosis. yeaaah, had a really grreat visit~ then get back to uni. the bus ride was even waaaay fantastic! i'll take one day soon just to take a bus to dandee, have a meal, shop in the market then get back on the bus. Had venapuncture.which was a veeery anxious one. but had quite a great time coz could find the vein n draw blood from it. than had a tachycardiaing chat with pat about japan~he was sooo sweeet to know soo much about her gf's country. wish them to be happy ever after ^_^